Clojure is a Lisp language used for some interesting things like Overtone, to do sound synthesis using SuperCollider. I haven't done much with it lately but maybe I'll get to it again in 2019.
Pure Data is a graphical programming language for sound synthesis which has been extended to do things like physics modeling and multimedia installations.
OpenSCAD does parametric 3D modeling in a C like language except the variables aren't really variable.
GLSL is the OpenGL Shading Language. It lets you do interesting real time transformations on images.
I mostly use Python when I want to modify an existing Python plugin in Inkscape.