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Re^4: [OT] The statistics of hashing.

by BrowserUk (Patriarch)
on Apr 02, 2012 at 12:41 UTC ( [id://963001]=note: print w/replies, xml ) Need Help??


in reply to Re^3: [OT] The statistics of hashing.
in thread [OT] The statistics of hashing.

I don't have the actual code, but it was something like this.

Thanks for posting that.

However, for my purposes -- deterministically generating a randomly distributed value -- it doesn't work well. With the MD5, every single bit change in the input generates an average of 64-bits change in the output -- which is near perfect.

But this crc algorithm -- which was probably great for your purposes -- only generates a single bit change in the output for each single bit change in the input:

#! perl -slw
use strict;
use Digest::MD5 qw[ md5 ];

sub crc64 {
    my $data = shift;
    my $crc = "";
    my $len = length( $$data );
    my $pos = 0;
    while ( $pos < $len ) {
        $crc = $crc ^ substr( $$data, $pos, 8 );
        $pos += 8;
    }
    return ( $crc );
}

our $C //= 16;

my $text = join '', map chr( rand 256 ), 1 .. 16;
my $md5text = md5( $text );
my $crctext = crc64( \$text );
my $copy = $text;

my $md5changes = 0;
my $crcchanges = 0;
for my $bit ( 0 .. 16*8 -1 ) {
    vec( $copy, $bit, 1 ) ^= 1; ## toggle this bit

    my $md5copy = md5( $copy );
    my $md5changed = unpack '%32B*', $md5text ^ $md5copy;
    $md5changes += $md5changed;

    my $crccopy = crc64( \$copy );
    my $crcchanged = unpack '%32B*', $crctext ^ $crccopy;
    $crcchanges += $crcchanged;

    print "Toggling bit:$bit produced MD5[$md5changed] CRC[$crcchanged
+] changes";

    vec( $copy, $bit, 1 ) ^= 1; ## toggle it back
}

printf "Average MD5[changes: %.3f bits] CRC[changes: %.3f bits] per in
+put bit changed\n",
    $md5changes / ( 16*8 ), $crcchanges / ( 16*8 );

__END__
C:\test>t-md5rand -C=4
Toggling bit:0 produced MD5[68] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:1 produced MD5[52] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:2 produced MD5[66] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:3 produced MD5[75] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:4 produced MD5[64] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:5 produced MD5[61] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:6 produced MD5[65] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:7 produced MD5[64] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:8 produced MD5[54] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:9 produced MD5[58] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:10 produced MD5[66] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:11 produced MD5[74] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:12 produced MD5[67] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:13 produced MD5[76] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:14 produced MD5[66] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:15 produced MD5[57] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:16 produced MD5[73] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:17 produced MD5[56] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:18 produced MD5[71] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:19 produced MD5[61] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:20 produced MD5[63] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:21 produced MD5[64] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:22 produced MD5[66] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:23 produced MD5[60] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:24 produced MD5[53] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:25 produced MD5[64] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:26 produced MD5[72] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:27 produced MD5[72] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:28 produced MD5[65] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:29 produced MD5[68] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:30 produced MD5[48] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:31 produced MD5[61] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:32 produced MD5[65] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:33 produced MD5[57] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:34 produced MD5[60] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:35 produced MD5[65] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:36 produced MD5[64] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:37 produced MD5[58] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:38 produced MD5[69] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:39 produced MD5[64] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:40 produced MD5[62] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:41 produced MD5[64] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:42 produced MD5[71] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:43 produced MD5[61] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:44 produced MD5[64] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:45 produced MD5[61] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:46 produced MD5[71] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:47 produced MD5[73] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:48 produced MD5[65] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:49 produced MD5[56] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:50 produced MD5[58] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:51 produced MD5[61] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:52 produced MD5[66] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:53 produced MD5[60] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:54 produced MD5[66] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:55 produced MD5[63] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:56 produced MD5[64] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:57 produced MD5[63] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:58 produced MD5[57] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:59 produced MD5[66] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:60 produced MD5[66] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:61 produced MD5[59] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:62 produced MD5[63] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:63 produced MD5[72] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:64 produced MD5[59] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:65 produced MD5[64] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:66 produced MD5[65] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:67 produced MD5[64] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:68 produced MD5[68] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:69 produced MD5[68] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:70 produced MD5[67] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:71 produced MD5[61] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:72 produced MD5[64] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:73 produced MD5[69] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:74 produced MD5[73] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:75 produced MD5[68] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:76 produced MD5[57] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:77 produced MD5[53] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:78 produced MD5[59] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:79 produced MD5[63] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:80 produced MD5[74] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:81 produced MD5[65] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:82 produced MD5[73] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:83 produced MD5[66] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:84 produced MD5[62] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:85 produced MD5[53] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:86 produced MD5[55] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:87 produced MD5[60] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:88 produced MD5[61] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:89 produced MD5[68] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:90 produced MD5[69] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:91 produced MD5[64] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:92 produced MD5[66] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:93 produced MD5[65] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:94 produced MD5[66] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:95 produced MD5[64] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:96 produced MD5[50] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:97 produced MD5[68] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:98 produced MD5[59] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:99 produced MD5[60] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:100 produced MD5[65] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:101 produced MD5[64] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:102 produced MD5[48] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:103 produced MD5[62] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:104 produced MD5[66] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:105 produced MD5[61] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:106 produced MD5[63] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:107 produced MD5[68] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:108 produced MD5[70] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:109 produced MD5[62] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:110 produced MD5[57] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:111 produced MD5[60] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:112 produced MD5[68] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:113 produced MD5[68] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:114 produced MD5[49] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:115 produced MD5[64] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:116 produced MD5[55] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:117 produced MD5[57] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:118 produced MD5[57] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:119 produced MD5[71] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:120 produced MD5[70] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:121 produced MD5[62] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:122 produced MD5[70] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:123 produced MD5[67] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:124 produced MD5[52] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:125 produced MD5[70] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:126 produced MD5[73] CRC[1] changes
Toggling bit:127 produced MD5[59] CRC[1] changes
Average MD5[changes: 63.531 bits] CRC[changes: 1.000 bits] per input b
+it changed

[download]
With the rise and rise of 'Social' network sites: 'Computers are making people easier to use everyday'
Examine what is said, not who speaks -- Silence betokens consent -- Love the truth but pardon error.
"Science is about questioning the status quo. Questioning authority".
In the absence of evidence, opinion is indistinguishable from prejudice.

The start of some sanity?

Replies are listed 'Best First'.
Re^5: [OT] The statistics of hashing.
by flexvault (Monsignor) on Apr 03, 2012 at 11:18 UTC

    BrowserUK,

    I had to download your code to figure out what you were doing, but now I know your interest in uniqueness was different than mine(i.e. project).

    Each of the test encrypted files was unique and we wanted an algorithm that would produce the lowest number of duplicate hashes for the different unique files. The statistics I showed was the number of duplicate hashes produced from unique files. Each hash was generated and then: 

      ...
  $Dupes{$hash}++;
  ...

    [download]
    Then we just counted the total number of keys with values greater than one.

    Your code was very interesting and quite a mind tester.

    Thank you

    "Well done is better than well said." - Benjamin Franklin

[reply]
[d/l]

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