For your simple hash you already used one loop. For a deeper structure like a Hash of Hashes (or an Array of Hashes) you need two loops, one inside the other:

for my $key1 (sort keys %component) {
  for my $key2 (sort key $component{$key1} ) {
    #do something with $key1, $key2 and $component{$key1}{$key2}
...
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