# delete nothing but add to end or beginning of array:
push @a,$x,$y     splice(@a,@a,0,$x,$y)
unshift @a,$x,$y  splice(@a,0,0,$x,$y)

# Remove first or last item from array:
$t=pop @a         $t=splice(@a,-1)
$t=shift @a       $t=splice(@a,0,1)

# Replace item in middle of array
$a[$i]=$y         splice(@a,$i,1,$y)