It appears to be the index of the check based on length of the supplied password. You have 4 valid conditions that lead to additional checks; the 5th one is always invalid. Indexes 0, 1, 2, and 3 elements of the array of subroutine references he suggests will call the function appropriate for the length.

    when ($_ >= 8 && $_ <= 11)     # $index here is min( 2, 5), so 2
    when ($_ >= 12 && $_ <= 15) {  # $index here is min( 3, 5), so 3
    when ($_ >= 16 && $_ <= 19) {  # $index here is min( 4, 5), so 4
    when ($_ >= 20) {              # $index here is min( 5+,5), so alw
+ays bounded at 5
[download]

TBH it's not clear enough to make great sense to me, but he appears to be suggesting that you put your ranges into buckets based on the formula he gave; for a length of 20 or more, you're always going to fall into bucket 5 (or perhaps element 3) of your array of checks. This is actually a pretty good way to determine a bucket, so then you can have an array of checks; or to make it more clear, a hash:

my %check_dispatch = (
  2 => sub { ... }, # or better, define in named subs and, => \&check1
+, etc
  3 => sub { ... },
  4 => sub { ... },
  5 => sub { ... },
);

my $pw = $_;
my $index = min( (length $pw)/4, 5);
if ($check_dispatch{$index} and 'CODE' eq ref $check_dispatch{$index})
+ {
  die if not $check_dispatch{$index}->($pw);
}
[download]

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