Well, that's not a widely accepted term. But there are lots of little microcontrollers out there, including the Basic Stamp boards. Most of them don't run their own language interpreters, though, so you have to cross-compile. That is, you have to write your program, and feed it into a compiler running on a a more normal computer. Then you load the compiled program into the little device.

If you want to run Perl, you'll need a more serious machine, and one that actually has an operating system. http://linuxdevices.com focuses on embedded computers that can run Linux (and hence Perl).

There are a number of vendors who provide cross C compilers for small microcontrollers.