$value    =~ s/%([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])/pack("C", hex($1))/eg; # carg
+o

$todecode =~ s/%([0-9a-fA-F]{2})/pack("c",hex($1))/ge;          # CGI
[download]

# unescape URL-encoded data
sub unescape {
    shift() if ref($_[0]);
    my $todecode = shift;
    return undef unless defined($todecode);
    $todecode =~ tr/+/ /;       # pluses become spaces
    $todecode =~ s/%([0-9a-fA-F]{2})/pack("c",hex($1))/ge;
    return $todecode;
}
[download]

--
Check out my Perlmonks Related Scripts like framechat, reputer, and xNN.

epoptai's right -- there's no difference between pack 'c',$number and pack 'C',$number, ever. There is a difference when unpacking, of course.

What the translations 'c' and 'C' do when packing is to translate an integer to a corresponding character value. Your character values are most likely single-byte numbers. Each corresponds to a specific modulus of integers. In particular, the two most popular ways to assign representative integer values to the 256 bytes are 0..255 ("unsigned char") and -128..127 ("signed char").

But of course any integer value is congruent (modulo 256) to exactly one byte value, whichever of the 2 ranges you pick. So any integer has a unique translation to a byte. The reverse direction (unpack 'c',$str) is less single-valued: for instance, unpack 'C',(pack 'C',-1) == 255. Here unpack has to chose a specific range from which to pick an integer representing the byte value, and the two letter codes make a difference.

The same thing occurs for the other signed/unsigned letters for integer conversions in pack/unpack.

My version (2.752) of CGI.pm's unescape uses chr instead of pack, by the way:

$todecode =~ s/%([0-9a-fA-F]{2})/chr hex($1)/ge;
[download]

I wonder if it's faster...

   MeowChow                                   
               s aamecha.s a..a\u$&owag.print

I found differences re UTF-8 strings, so maybe it was changed because using pack broke when characters were longer than one byte. That shouldn't affect your specific example because you know they are hex digits, but maybe he got rid of packing altogether throughout his code.

—John