Your examples aren't quite parallel. The first one working with hash assignment uses parallel operations. In the second example you pass a different argument to the second subroutine. If you can afford having real parallelism then there is another option available.

my $meth = $self->can('home') || $self->can('house') || confess(q{Can'
+t determine home});
my $home = $self->$meth(1);
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Which if you were insistent on having be one line could do

my $home = ($self->can('home') || $self->can('house') || confess(q{Can
+'t determine home}))->($self, 1);
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I think the first is more clear.

Yet another option is:

my $meth_name = (grep {$self->can($_)} qw(home house))[0] || confess(q
+{Can't determine home});
my $home = $self->$meth_name(1);
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However this last option is less optimal in readability and in efficiency.