This approach sems promising so I went through the steps and .. ran into a briick wall, HARD (ouch!) Here are the notes as I progressed:
How to Embed Perl in C
From perlembed's information:
every C program that uses Perl must link in the perl library
you can't use Perl from your C program unless Perl has been compiled on your machine, or installed properly--that's why you shouldn't blithely copy Perl executables from machine to machine without also copying the lib directory.)
perl -V output:
1) find / -name perl.h - take note of the subdir, the perl library (and EXTERN.h and perl.h, which you'll also need) will reside in that directory
2) where? (confirm with perl -MConfig -e 'print $Config{archlib}')
3) what compiler? perl -MConfig -e 'print $Config{cc}' - usually gcc
4) what to add to the gcc compiler command, use perl -V and look at something like this:
cc='gcc', ccflags ='-D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -DDEBUGGING -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I/usr/local/include -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/usr/include/gdbm',
5) extra libraries are shown by perl -MConfig -e 'print $Config{libs}'
-lresolv -lnsl -lgdbm -ldb -ldl -lm -lcrypt -lutil -lpthread -lc[
Summary of my perl5 (revision 5 version 8 subversion 6) configuration:
Platform:
osname=linux, osvers=2.4.21-27.0.2.elsmp, archname=i386-linux-thread-multi
uname='linux decompose.build.redhat.com 2.4.21-27.0.2.elsmp #1 smp wed jan 12 23:35:44 est 2005 i686 i686 i386 gnulinux '
config_args='-des -Doptimize=-O2 -g -pipe -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -m32 -march=i386 -mtune=pentium4 -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -Dversion=5.8.6 -Dmyhostname=localhost -Dperladmin=root@localhost -Dcc=gcc -Dcf_by=Red Hat, Inc. -Dinstallprefix=/usr -Dprefix=/usr -Darchname=i386-linux -Dvendorprefix=/usr -Dsiteprefix=/usr -Duseshrplib -Dusethreads -Duseithreads -Duselargefiles -Dd_dosuid -Dd_semctl_semun -Di_db -Ui_ndbm -Di_gdbm -Di_shadow -Di_syslog -Dman3ext=3pm -Duseperlio -Dinstallusrbinperl=n -Ubincompat5005 -Uversiononly -Dpager=/usr/bin/less -isr -Dd_gethostent_r_proto -Ud_endhostent_r_proto -Ud_endprotoent_r_proto -Ud_endservent_r_proto -Ud_sethostent_r_proto -Ud_setprotoent_r_proto -Ud_setservent_r_proto -Dinc_version_list=5.8.5 5.8.4 5.8.3'
hint=recommended, useposix=true, d_sigaction=define
usethreads=define use5005threads=undef useithreads=define usemultiplicity=define
useperlio=define d_sfio=undef uselargefiles=define usesocks=undef
use64bitint=undef use64bitall=undef uselongdouble=undef
usemymalloc=n, bincompat5005=undef
Compiler:
cc='gcc', ccflags ='-D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -DDEBUGGING -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I/usr/local/include -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/usr/include/gdbm',
optimize='-O2 -g -pipe -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -m32 -march=i386 -mtune=pentium4 -fasynchronous-unwind-tables',
cppflags='-D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -DDEBUGGING -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include/gdbm'
ccversion='', gccversion='4.0.0 20050516 (Red Hat 4.0.0-6)', gccosandvers=''
intsize=4, longsize=4, ptrsize=4, doublesize=8, byteorder=1234
d_longlong=define, longlongsize=8, d_longdbl=define, longdblsize=12
ivtype='long', ivsize=4, nvtype='double', nvsize=8, Off_t='off_t', lseeksize=8
alignbytes=4, prototype=define
Linker and Libraries:
ld='gcc', ldflags =' -L/usr/local/lib'
libpth=/usr/local/lib /lib /usr/lib
libs=-lresolv -lnsl -lgdbm -ldb -ldl -lm -lcrypt -lutil -lpthread -lc
perllibs=-lresolv -lnsl -ldl -lm -lcrypt -lutil -lpthread -lc
libc=/lib/libc-2.3.5.so, so=so, useshrplib=true, libperl=libperl.so
gnulibc_version='2.3.5'
Dynamic Linking:
dlsrc=dl_dlopen.xs, dlext=so, d_dlsymun=undef, ccdlflags='-Wl,-E -Wl,-rpath,/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6/i386-linux-thread-multi/CORE'
cccdlflags='-fPIC', lddlflags='-shared -L/usr/local/lib'
Characteristics of this binary (from libperl):
Compile-time options: DEBUGGING MULTIPLICITY USE_ITHREADS USE_LARGE_FILES PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
the simpler approach appeared to be:
gcc -o interp interp.c 'perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ccopts -e ldopts'
produces these errors
gcc: perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ccopts -e ldopts: No such file or directory
interp.c:1:20: error: EXTERN.h: No such file or directory
interp.c:2:18: error: perl.h: No such file or directory
interp.c:4: error: syntax error before â*â token
interp.c:4: warning: data definition has no type or storage class
interp.c: In function âmainâ:
interp.c:8: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast
interp.c:10: error: âNULLâ undeclared (first use in this function)
interp.c:10: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
interp.c:10: error: for each function it appears in.)
------------------------------------------------------------------
so I tried another approach (the file below should be read from the last line up and shows what went wrong:
Here are the errors:
/tmp/ccLefb5c.o(.text+0x12): In function `main':
interp.c: undefined reference to `perl_alloc'
/tmp/ccLefb5c.o(.text+0x20):interp.c: undefined reference to `perl_construct'
/tmp/ccLefb5c.o(.text+0x36):interp.c: undefined reference to `perl_parse'
/tmp/ccLefb5c.o(.text+0x44):interp.c: undefined reference to `perl_run'
/tmp/ccLefb5c.o(.text+0x50):interp.c: undefined reference to `perl_destruct'
/tmp/ccLefb5c.o(.text+0x66):interp.c: undefined reference to `perl_free'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
Here are the executions of the compiler (from bottom to top:
gcc -O2 -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -DDEBUGGING -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/usr/include/gdbm -Dbool=char -DHAS_BOOL -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6/i386-linux-thread-multi/CORE -L/usr/local/include -I/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6/i386-linux-thread-multi/CORE -o interp interp.c -lresolv -lnsl -ldl -lm -lcrypt -lutil -lpthread
# still complains about not finding perl_alloc gcc -O2 -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -DDEBUGGING -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/usr/include/gdbm -Dbool=char -DHAS_BOOL -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6/i386-linux-thread-multi/CORE -L/usr/local/include -I/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6/i386-linux-thread-multi/CORE -o interp interp.c -lresolv -lnsl -ldl -lm -lcrypt -lutil -lpthread
# above, adding the ccflags
# complains about not finding perl_alloc (again) gcc -O2 -Dbool=char -DHAS_BOOL -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6/i386-linux-thread-multi/CORE -L/usr/local/include -I/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6/i386-linux-thread-multi/CORE -o interp interp.c -lresolv -lnsl -ldl -lm -lcrypt -lutil -lpthread
# complains about -lc[ gcc -O2 -Dbool=char -DHAS_BOOL -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6/i386-linux-thread-multi/CORE -L/usr/local/include -I/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6/i386-linux-thread-multi/CORE -o interp interp.c -lresolv -lnsl -ldl -lm -lcrypt -lutil -lpthread -lc[
# complains about -ldb gcc -O2 -Dbool=char -DHAS_BOOL -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6/i386-linux-thread-multi/CORE -L/usr/local/include -I/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6/i386-linux-thread-multi/CORE -o interp interp.c -lresolv -lnsl -ldb -ldl -lm -lcrypt -lutil -lpthread -lc[
# complais it cant find lgdbm gcc -O2 -Dbool=char -DHAS_BOOL -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6/i386-linux-thread-multi/CORE -L/usr/local/include -I/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6/i386-linux-thread-multi/CORE -o interp interp.c -lresolv -lnsl -lgdbm -ldb -ldl -lm -lcrypt -lutil -lpthread -lc[
# complains about perl_alloc gcc -O2 -Dbool=char -DHAS_BOOL -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6/i386-linux-thread-multi/CORE -L/usr/local/include -I/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6/i386-linux-thread-multi/CORE -o interp interp.c -lm
# complains about -lperl gcc -O2 -Dbool=char -DHAS_BOOL -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6/i386-linux-thread-multi/CORE -L/usr/local/include -I/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6/i386-linux-thread-multi/CORE -o interp interp.c -lperl -lm
| [reply] |
...
VPATH = $(MYSOURCES) : $(MYTOOLS)
...
#Linux + Freebsd: use the magic configurator "ExtUtils::Embed"
PERLCC=`perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e perl_inc`
PERLLD=`perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ldopts -- -std`
PLSTATIC=
# -static
# if static libperl.a, set this to -static, otherwise to (none)
CXXFLAGS=-O3
COMPILE.cxx=$(CXX) $(CFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(PERLCC) -I$(MYHEADERS) -c
.cxx.o:
$(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $(@F)
$(EXE): $(F_MYSOURCE) $(F_MYTOOLS) Makefile
$(CXX) -o $@ $(F_MYSOURCE) $(F_MYTOOLS) $(PERLLD) $(PLSTATIC) -lst
+dc++ -s
...
The 'MYHEADERS', 'F_MYSOURCE', 'F_MYTOOLS' etc. designate the apps source files and directories (and are set elsewhere), the Perl-stuff goes into 'PERLCC' (headers) and 'PERLLD' (libs). This will magically construct a perl.lib linked app ;-).
Regards
mwa | [reply]
[d/l] |
Better yet, perhaps you could store the byte-code, and pass *that* through an embedded interpreter? (Heck, while you're at it, encrypt the byte-code as well!)
This may help in preventing some clever hacker from attaching to the process via a debugger and capturing the program 's contents as it's being passed for the eval. | [reply] |
| [reply] |
Well, what I was referring to was the info in here. Granted, I'm a neophyte in the department of perl internals, but I've head of the -B option being used for that sort of purpose.
| [reply] |
