Would passing $query to the subroutine have the fastest
execution of the above methods?
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From where I sit, yes. The overhead of creating a new CGI object is not trivial. It has to read the query string or STDIN (if it can, I don't remember offhand if it caches it) to get parameters, setting things up to be retrieved at will.
Creating a hash means allocating memory and hashing keys you may or may not use.
Passing in $query means dereferencing the object to call a method on it.
Depending on how many parameters you have and how many things you need to call and if you can get by with sticking things in a hash just once and you don't want sticky fields behavior that CGI.pm does so nicely, I'd give the edge to passing in $query. Sometimes I pass a hash.
This is unlikely to be the largest bottleneck in your program, however.
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I would tend to think that passing $query (which is a reference to an existing CGI query object) is much faster than creating a hash or another new CGI query object.
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