Write a problem to expand acronyms in its input...
I think most people would read this as suggesting that it should accept arbitrary text with the acronyms embedded, and modify them in place, not just do a straight lookup.
Under this interpretation, CombatSquirrel's solution is the only correct one in the thread.
Here's a related solution using the -p flag:
#!perl -p
s/($regex)/$1 ($acronyms{$1})/g;
BEGIN {
%acronyms = (
'HTML' => "Hypertext Markup Language",
'ICBM' => "Intercontinental Ballistic Missile",
'EEPROM' => "Electronically-erasable programmable read only memor
+y",
'SCUBA' => "Self Contained Underwater Breathing Aparatus",
'FAQ' => "Frequently Asked Questions",
'LCARS' => "Library Computer And Retrieval System",
'NASA' => "National Aeronautical and Space Administration"
);
$regex = join '|', map quotemeta,
sort { length($b) <=> length($a) } keys %acronyms;
}