This will come close, but will fail if the match is followed by extra repetitions.

/(?:(?!(.)\1\1)[QGYN]){3,6}/;
[download]

You might have to consider each character separately, which leads to a long ugly string of alternations. The first char matches your character class. The second is either not a repeat, or is a repeat followed by not a repeat. The third is either not a repeat of the second, or a repeat followed by not a repeat.

After that, the pattern is repeated for the 4th and 5th characters, but they're all optional and nested (so if you don't have the 4th char, you don't look for the 5th). The 6th char doesn't need to check for repetitions, because it was checked by the pattern for the 5th char.

while ($seq{$k} =~ /(([QGYN])
                   ((?!\2)[QGYN]|\2(?!\2))
                   ((?!\3)[QGYN]|\3(?!\3))
                   (?:((?!\4)[QGYN]|\4(?!\4))
                      (?:((?!\5)[QGYN]|\5(?!\5))
                         [QGYN]?)?)?)
                   /xg) {
print "\n$k";
print $1." begins at position ", (pos($seq{$k})-length($s)) , "\n";
}
[download]

Update: adjusted to fit OP's code snippet.
Update2: As Ikegami noted (and I noted in responding to a different post), this solution has the problem of looking too far ahead. It won't take the first two characters out of a trio. A working regex-only solution is posted as a reply to this post.

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