#!/usr/bin/perl
#
# This is an answer, in comments and code, to the question:
# How to print data between tags from file sequentially?
# URL: https://perlmonks.org/index.pl?node_id=1217156
#
# LET'S EMBED THE FILE IN THE SCRIPT TO MAKE THIS EASY!
# YOUR FILE IS NOW ANYTHING AFTER __DATA__ AT THE END:
#
# open file
# open(FILE, "data.txt") or die("Unable to open file");
#
# ALWAYS START WITH THESE TWO LINES, FOR HELPFUL ERROR MESSAGES:

use strict;
use warnings;

# read file into an array

# PUT my BEFORE ALL VARIABLES TO PREVENT TYPOS LATER ON:
my @data = <DATA>;

# close file

# NOT NECESSARY ANYMORE:
# close(FILE);

# print file contents
foreach my $line (@data)

{
# THIS PRINTS EACH LINE, NOT WHAT YOU WANT:
# print $line;

# MODIFY EACH LINE WITH A REGEX* FOR CUSTOM PRINT!
# (*Short for "Regular Expression")
#
# Regex allows you to search and replace!
# s is the command and // are the quotes:
# s / FIND THIS TEXT / REPLACE WITH THIS /

    $line # For each line
    =~    # Do something like
    s/    # Search for
    <     # a < character
    [^>]+ # and one or more characters: [  ]+
          # that are not a > character:  ^>
    >     # Followed by a > character
          # (So anything like <whatever>)
    //gx; # Replace it with nothing: //
          # g means replace all of them (global)
          # x allows these comments because it is
          # usually put on one line like this:
          #
          # $line =~ s/<[^>]+>//g; # COOL!

# NOW THE LINE IS CHANGED SO YOU CAN LOOK AT EACH LINE
# WITH =~ TO FIND OUT WHICH TEXT TO PRINT:

    # SIMPLE:

    if ($line =~ /ServerName/) {
        print "Computer: $line";
    }

    # SOMETHING MORE COMPLICATED:

    elsif ($line =~ /^  # IF LINE BEGINS WITH

            \d  # A NUMBER (DIGIT)

            /x  # (END REGEX, x JUST ALLOWS THESE COMMENTS)

            ){  # IF THE ELSIF DECISION IS YES BECAUSE WE 
                # SAW A NUMBER, THEN DO THIS:

        print "IP Address: $line";
    }

    # FIND WINDOWS OR LINUX OR MAC:
    # NOTE: i at the end of the next regex means
    # "case insensitive" so an "a" or "A" are equal.

        elsif ($line =~ /Windows|Linux|Mac/i) { 
                print "OS: $line";
        }

    # PRINT UNKNOWN LINES TOO SO YOU CAN SEE HOW 
    # TO ADD MORE DECISIONS ABOVE AND MAKE IT 
    # PRINT WHAT YOU WANT:

    else {
        print "UNKNOWN: $line";
    }
}

# THE EMBEDDED FILE:

__DATA__
<Answer type="string">ServerName</Answer>
<Answer type="string">10.10.10.11</Answer>
<Answer type="string">Windows Server 2012</Answer>
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