TIMTOWTDI -- without resorting to sprintf or pack ...

and with humble bows to johngg for explicitly questioning OP's use of "binary file" (which the example ain't) and to BillKSmith for addressing the need for multiple templates, depending on how many digits occur in the LineNumers!

#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
# 1188105
my @data = qw(1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 
+0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
+ 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 6 1 1 0 0 0 0 
+0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 7 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 1 1 0 0 0
+ 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 9 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 1 1 0
+ 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 11 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 
+1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 13 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 
+0);

my $linemarker = "    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";
my $item;
my $seen = '0';

print "\n(\n";     # op wants to start (& end) the printout with a par
+en,
                   # but -- in practice --    if the array is read fro
+m 
                   # a "binary file," AS STATED, there won't be any pa
+rens
                   # in the array

for $item(@data) {
    if ( $item !~ /\d+/ ) {
        $item = ord($item);                        # xlate char to num
    } elsif ( ($item == 1) && ($seen =~ /0/) ) {   # first array eleme
+nt? 
                                                   # Then it's a linen
+umber (LN)
        print "$item   ";                          # so print LN with 
+spacing
        $seen = "seen";          # set flag so future number 1s won't 
+be taken for LNs
        next;                    # and move on to next array element
    } elsif ( (10 > $item) && ($item > 1) && ($seen =~ /seen/) ) {
                                                   # HACK to line up t
+he elements
        print "\n$linemarker\n$item   ";
        next;
    } elsif ( (100 > $item) && ($item > 9) && ($seen =~ /seen/) ) {
        print "\n$linemarker\n$item  ";            # if LN > 9 and < 9
+9,
                                                   # print fewer space
+s -- end HACK
    } else {
        print "$item ";
    }
}           

print "\n)\n";
[download]

OUTPUT of 1188105.pl

(
1   1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
2   1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
3   1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
4   1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
5   1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
6   1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
7   1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
8   1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
9   1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
10  1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
11  1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
12  1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
13  1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
)
[download]

Update: Missed credit to 1nickt for sprintf templating. My bad! ++ to each.