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Greetings,

The prior demonstration involves sorting (qsorti) using one core, taking ~ 5 extra seconds for 1e8. That led me to try parallel sorting inside user_end. Code for both UNIX and Windows are provided.

Update 1: Output not 100% consistent. Not suited for parallelism due to cache miss. The non-PDL solutions here and here handle cache miss. But not yet here.

Update 2: Output now 100% consistent, possible with MCE::relay.

UNIX:

use strict; use warnings; use feature 'say'; BEGIN { # Does not work on Windows unfortunately. die "Sorry, this script requires a UNIX based OS, exiting...\n" if $^O eq 'MSWin32'; } use PDL; use File::Map; # ensure that Perl has File::Map before loading FastRaw use PDL::IO::FastRaw; use MCE::Signal '$tmp_dir'; use MCE::Flow; use MCE::Candy; { no warnings 'once'; $PDL::BIGPDL = 1; eval q{ PDL::set_autopthread_targ(1) }; } use List::Util; BEGIN { *_min = \&List::Util::min; # collision *_max = \&List::Util::max } # with PDL use constant MAX => shift || 1e7; use constant TOP => _min( 20, MAX ); use constant CHUNK => _min( 40000, MAX ); # but keep it even use constant MAXLEN => MAX * 1; # ?? # x(1..2) use Time::HiRes 'time'; my $t = time; # create a raw file for lengths writefraw( ones( short, 3 + MAXLEN ), "$tmp_dir/lengths" ); # memory map the raw file my $lengths = mapfraw( "$tmp_dir/lengths" ); $lengths-> inplace-> setvaltobad( 1 ); $lengths-> set( 1, 1 ); $lengths-> set( 2, 2 ); $lengths-> set( 4, 3 ); my @top_seqs; MCE::Flow->init( max_workers => MCE::Util::get_ncpu(), chunk_size => CHUNK + 1, bounds_only => 1, init_relay => 1, gather => MCE::Candy::out_iter_array(\@top_seqs), user_end => sub { # wait for any remaining workers to complete processing MCE->sync; my $size = MAX / MCE->max_workers + 1; my $from = ( MCE->wid - 1 ) * $size + 1; my $to = $from + $size; $from++ if $from > 1; $to = MAX if $to > MAX; my $lengths_c = $lengths-> slice([ $from, $to ]); $lengths_c-> badflag( 0 ); my $sorted_i = $lengths_c-> qsorti; my $sorted = $lengths_c-> index( $sorted_i ); my $value = $sorted-> at( $to - $from - TOP ); my $pos = vsearch_insert_leftmost( $value, $sorted ); my $top_i = $sorted_i-> slice([ $to - $from, $pos ]); ( my $result = $lengths_c -> index( $top_i ) -> longlong -> bitnot -> cat( $top_i + $from ) -> transpose -> qsortvec -> slice([], [ 0, TOP - 1 ]) )-> slice([ 0 ], []) -> inplace -> bitnot; # From PDL to Perl: [ 0 1 ] becomes [ 1, 0 ], my $str = $result->string; $str =~ s/(\d+)\s+(\d+)(.*)/$2,$1$3,/g; my $ret = eval $str; MCE->gather( MCE->wid, @$ret ); }, ); mce_flow_s sub { my ( $mce, $chunk_ref, $chunk_id ) = @_; my ( $from, $to ) = @{ $chunk_ref }; my $seqs_c = $from + sequence( longlong, $to - $from + 1 ); if ( $chunk_id == 1 ) { $seqs_c-> setbadat( 0 ); $seqs_c-> setbadat( 1 ); $seqs_c-> badvalue( 2 ); } else { $seqs_c-> setbadat( $from % 2 ? 1 : 0 ); $seqs_c-> slice([ $from % 2 ? 1 : 0, $to - $from, 2 ]) .= 2 +; $seqs_c-> badvalue( 2 ); } my $lengths_c = $lengths-> slice([ $from, $to ]); my $current = zeroes( short, nelem( $seqs_c )); while ( any $seqs_c-> isgood ) { my ( $seqs_c_odd, $current_odd_masked ) = where( $seqs_c, $current, $seqs_c & 1 ); $current_odd_masked ++; $current ++; ( $seqs_c_odd *= 3 ) ++; $seqs_c >>= 1; my ( $seqs_cap, $lengths_cap, $current_cap ) = where( $seqs_c, $lengths_c, $current, $seqs_c <= MAXLEN ); my $lut = $lengths-> index( $seqs_cap ); # "_f" is for "finished" my ( $seqs_f, $lengths_f, $lut_f, $current_f ) = where( $seqs_cap, $lengths_cap, $lut, $current_cap, $lut-> isgood ); $lengths_f .= $lut_f + $current_f; $seqs_f .= 2; # i.e. BAD } # "_e" is for "at even positions, ahead" ## ## # my $from_e = _max( $from * 2, $to ) + 2; # bug ## my $from_e = $from == 0 ? $to + 2 : $from * 2; # fixed ## my $to_e = _min( $to * 2, MAXLEN ); ## ## MCE::relay { ## ( $lengths-> slice([ $from_e, $to_e, 2 ]) ## .= $lengths-> slice([ $from_e / 2, $to_e / 2 ])) ++ ## if $from_e <= MAXLEN; ## }; ## }, 0, MAX; MCE::Flow->finish; @top_seqs = ( sort { $b->[1] <=> $a->[1]} @top_seqs )[ 0..19 ]; printf "Collatz(%5d) has sequence length of %3d steps\n", @$_ for @top_seqs; say {*STDERR} time - $t;

Windows:

The following script works on Windows with up to 8 workers. Specifying higher than 8 workers causes PDL to emit, "PDL::Internal Error: data structure recursion limit exceeded (max 1000 levels)". I also tested on Linux. No problems there including 32 workers.

use strict; use warnings; use feature 'say'; use PDL; use File::Map; # ensure that Perl has File::Map before loading FastRaw use PDL::IO::FastRaw; use MCE::Signal '$tmp_dir'; use MCE::Flow; use MCE::Candy; { no warnings 'once'; $PDL::BIGPDL = 1; eval q{ PDL::set_autopthread_targ(1) }; } use List::Util; BEGIN { *_min = \&List::Util::min; # collision *_max = \&List::Util::max } # with PDL use constant MAX => shift || 1e7; use constant TOP => _min( 20, MAX ); use constant CHUNK => _min( 40000, MAX ); # but keep it even use constant MAXLEN => MAX * 1; # ?? # x(1..2) use Time::HiRes 'time'; my $t = time; # create a raw file for lengths writefraw( ones( short, 3 + MAXLEN ), "$tmp_dir/lengths" ); my $max_workers = $^O eq 'MSWin32' ? 8 : MCE::Util::get_ncpu(); my @top_seqs; my $lengths; MCE::Flow->init( max_workers => _min( $max_workers, MCE::Util::get_ncpu() ), chunk_size => CHUNK + 1, bounds_only => 1, init_relay => 1, gather => MCE::Candy::out_iter_array(\@top_seqs), user_begin => sub { $lengths = mapfraw( "$tmp_dir/lengths" ); if ( MCE->wid == 1 ) { $lengths-> inplace-> setvaltobad( 1 ); $lengths-> set( 1, 1 ); $lengths-> set( 2, 2 ); $lengths-> set( 4, 3 ); } MCE->sync; }, user_end => sub { # wait for any remaining workers to complete processing MCE->sync; my $size = MAX / MCE->max_workers + 1; my $from = ( MCE->wid - 1 ) * $size + 1; my $to = $from + $size; $from++ if $from > 1; $to = MAX if $to > MAX; my $lengths_c = $lengths-> slice([ $from, $to ]); $lengths_c-> badflag( 0 ); my $sorted_i = $lengths_c-> qsorti; my $sorted = $lengths_c-> index( $sorted_i ); my $value = $sorted-> at( $to - $from - TOP ); my $pos = vsearch_insert_leftmost( $value, $sorted ); my $top_i = $sorted_i-> slice([ $to - $from, $pos ]); ( my $result = $lengths_c -> index( $top_i ) -> longlong -> bitnot -> cat( $top_i + $from ) -> transpose -> qsortvec -> slice([], [ 0, TOP - 1 ]) )-> slice([ 0 ], []) -> inplace -> bitnot; # From PDL to Perl: [ 0 1 ] becomes [ 1, 0 ], my $str = $result->string; $str =~ s/(\d+)\s+(\d+)(.*)/$2,$1$3,/g; my $ret = eval $str; MCE->gather( MCE->wid, @$ret ); }, ); mce_flow_s sub { my ( $mce, $chunk_ref, $chunk_id ) = @_; my ( $from, $to ) = @{ $chunk_ref }; my $seqs_c = $from + sequence( longlong, $to - $from + 1 ); if ( $chunk_id == 1 ) { $seqs_c-> setbadat( 0 ); $seqs_c-> setbadat( 1 ); $seqs_c-> badvalue( 2 ); } else { $seqs_c-> setbadat( $from % 2 ? 1 : 0 ); $seqs_c-> slice([ $from % 2 ? 1 : 0, $to - $from, 2 ]) .= 2 +; $seqs_c-> badvalue( 2 ); } my $lengths_c = $lengths-> slice([ $from, $to ]); my $current = zeroes( short, nelem( $seqs_c )); while ( any $seqs_c-> isgood ) { my ( $seqs_c_odd, $current_odd_masked ) = where( $seqs_c, $current, $seqs_c & 1 ); $current_odd_masked ++; $current ++; ( $seqs_c_odd *= 3 ) ++; $seqs_c >>= 1; my ( $seqs_cap, $lengths_cap, $current_cap ) = where( $seqs_c, $lengths_c, $current, $seqs_c <= MAXLEN ); my $lut = $lengths-> index( $seqs_cap ); # "_f" is for "finished" my ( $seqs_f, $lengths_f, $lut_f, $current_f ) = where( $seqs_cap, $lengths_cap, $lut, $current_cap, $lut-> isgood ); $lengths_f .= $lut_f + $current_f; $seqs_f .= 2; # i.e. BAD } # "_e" is for "at even positions, ahead" ## ## # my $from_e = _max( $from * 2, $to ) + 2; # bug ## my $from_e = $from == 0 ? $to + 2 : $from * 2; # fixed ## my $to_e = _min( $to * 2, MAXLEN ); ## ## MCE::relay { ## ( $lengths-> slice([ $from_e, $to_e, 2 ]) ## .= $lengths-> slice([ $from_e / 2, $to_e / 2 ])) ++ ## if $from_e <= MAXLEN; ## }; ## }, 0, MAX; MCE::Flow->finish; @top_seqs = ( sort { $b->[1] <=> $a->[1]} @top_seqs )[ 0..19 ]; printf "Collatz(%5d) has sequence length of %3d steps\n", @$_ for @top_seqs; say {*STDERR} time - $t;

Results:

time perl script.pl

1e7: serial 15.311s 1 core parallel 7.898s 2 cores parallel 4.229s 4 cores parallel 2.244s 8 cores parallel 1.265s 16 cores parallel 0.815s 32 cores 1e8: serial 2m38.645s 1 core parallel 11.779s 32 cores before: serial qsorti parallel 6.652s 32 cores after : parallel qsorti parallel 2.656s 32 cores non-PDL solution parallel 1.644s 32 cores non-PDL solution with Inline::C https://perlmonks.org/?node_id=11115780 Collatz(63728127) has sequence length of 950 steps Collatz(95592191) has sequence length of 948 steps Collatz(96883183) has sequence length of 811 steps Collatz(86010015) has sequence length of 798 steps Collatz(98110761) has sequence length of 749 steps Collatz(73583070) has sequence length of 746 steps Collatz(73583071) has sequence length of 746 steps Collatz(36791535) has sequence length of 745 steps Collatz(55187303) has sequence length of 743 steps Collatz(56924955) has sequence length of 743 steps Collatz(82780955) has sequence length of 741 steps Collatz(85387433) has sequence length of 741 steps Collatz(63101607) has sequence length of 738 steps Collatz(64040575) has sequence length of 738 steps Collatz(93128574) has sequence length of 736 steps Collatz(93128575) has sequence length of 736 steps Collatz(94652411) has sequence length of 736 steps Collatz(96060863) has sequence length of 736 steps Collatz(46564287) has sequence length of 735 steps Collatz(69846431) has sequence length of 733 steps

Regards, Mario


In reply to Re^5: Optimizing with Caching vs. Parallelizing (MCE::Map) (PDL: faster) by marioroy
in thread Optimizing with Caching vs. Parallelizing (MCE::Map) by 1nickt

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