Something like the following should do it efficiently:
my %keys = (
'skc' => "clear-day",
'few' => "partly-cloudy-day",
'sct' => "partly-cloudy-day",
'bkn' => "cloudy",
'wind' => "wind",
);
my $keys = join '|', map quotemeta, sort keys %keys;
my $pattern = qr/(....)($keys)(...)/;
while (<DATA>) {
s/$pattern/$1$keys{$2}$3/;
print;
}
Dave.
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