my %orders_by_customer = ( 'Frank' => [ { product => 'pliers', qty => 9 }, { product => 'hammer', qty => 2 }, { product => 'nail', qty => 200 } ] , 'Sue' => [ { product => 'hammer', qty => 3 }, { product => 'nail', qty => 450 } ] , 'Joe' => [ { product => 'cutter', qty => 5 }, { product => 'pliers', qty => 1 } ] );