Perl has built-in functions for that, you don't need to shell out. You can find the documentation either via perldoc -f getpwent at the command line, or on http://perldoc.perl.org under endservent (because it splits the functions up a little too much). I took "without /home directories" to mean "with directories that aren't underneath /home" and I've incorporated the -d check suggested by syphilis to additionally show users who have a /home home directory that doesn't exist.

use warnings;
use strict;
#use Data::Dumper; # Debug

while (my @pwent = getpwent) {
    #print Dumper(\@pwent); # Debug
    my ($name,$uid,$home) = @pwent[0,2,7];
    print "$name $uid $home\n"
        if $home !~ m{^/home/} || ! -d $home;
}
[download]

Or, with a nicer interface, there's User::pwent:

use warnings;
use strict;
use User::pwent;

while (my $pwent = getpwent) {
    print $pwent->name," ",$pwent->uid," ",$pwent->dir,"\n"
        if $pwent->dir !~ m{^/home/} || ! -d $pwent->dir;
}
[download]

If by "without /home directories" you meant that the field is blank, then you can change the condition to unless length $pwent->dir.

Normally I'd also recommend using a module like Path::Class for the pathname handling, but I assumed you're on a *NIX system. Since I'm already at it, here's an example, with a little variation to the method calls, just because TIMTOWTDI:

use warnings;
use strict;
use User::pwent;
use Path::Class qw/dir/;

my $home = dir('/home');
while (my $pwent = getpwent) {
    print join(' ', map {$pwent->$_} qw/name uid dir/ ),"\n"
        unless $home->subsumes( dir($pwent->dir) );
}
[download]

What does "user" mean? do system accounts qualify? The following tests all entries from getent passwd

use strict; 
use warnings;

  my @passwd_entries;
  open (USERS, '-|' , 'getent passwd' ) or die $!;
  @passwd_entries = <USERS>;
  close USERS;

  for my $line (@passwd_entries){
    my @parts=split(':',$line);
    unless ($parts[5]){print $parts[0].' '."No home listed\n";}
    else {
      unless (-d $parts[5]) {print $parts[0].' '."dir ".$parts[5]." no
+t found\n";}
      }
    }
[download]

for(@passwd_entries) {
 print "/home/$_ does not exist\n"
  unless -d "/home/$_";
}
[download]

for(@passwd_entries) { print "/home/$_ ...

In the context of the code from the root node, that won't work, since $_ contains the entire line from the entry.

... that won't work, since $_ contains the entire line from the entry

Yes, the wording of the OP's initial post led me to believe that his @passwd_entries contained nothing but a list of the usernames - though, of course, the OP didn't exactly specify that was the case.

Cheers,
Rob