#!/usr/bin/perl --
use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dump qw/ dd /;

dd( deef( [ qw/ Cobra /] , [qw/ Fox /] ) );
dd( deef( [ qw/ Dog Fox Wolf /] , [qw/ Fox /] ) );


sub deef {
    my( $got, $want) = @_;
    my %have; undef @have{ @$got };
    my @add = grep { !exists $have{$_} } @$want;
    undef %have; undef @have{ @$want };
    my @del = grep { !exists $have{$_} } @$got;
    [deeef( @add )], [deeef( @del )];
}

sub deeef {
    my( @animals ) = @_;
    my %catcatdog = (
      Mammal  => {
                   Bovine => ["Cow", "Bison"],
                   Canine => ["Dog", "Fox", "Wolf"],
                   Equine => ["Horse", "Zebra", "Pony"],
                 },
      Reptile => {
                   Bird   => ["Pigeon", "Canary", "Owl"],
                   Lizard => ["Salamander", "Chameleon"],
                   Snake  => ["Python", "Cobra"],
                 },
    );
    my %dogcatcat;
    for my $cat ( keys %catcatdog ){
        for my $catcat ( keys %{ $catcatdog{ $cat } } ){
            for my $dog( @{ $catcatdog{$cat}{$catcat} } ){
                push @{ $dogcatcat{$dog} }, $catcat, $cat, ;
            }
        }
    }
    return map {; [ $_, @{ $dogcatcat{$_} } ]  } @animals;
}
__END__
(
  [["Fox", "Canine", "Mammal"]],
  [["Cobra", "Snake", "Reptile"]],
)
(
  [],
  [["Dog", "Canine", "Mammal"], ["Wolf", "Canine", "Mammal"]],
)