What code have you already written?
Personally, I would extract the "special" symbols and their surrounding whitespace from the first sentence and then replace the elements accordingly in the second sentence:
my %symbols = (
'/' => [],
'*' => [],
'-' => [],
);
$_= "This is a perl script/program.";
push @{ $symbols{ '/' }}, m!(\s*[/]\s*)!;
push @{ $symbols{ '*' }}, m!(\s*[*]\s*)!;
push @{ $symbols{ '-' }}, m!(\s*[-]\s*)!;
my $target= "C'est un perl script / programme";
$target =~ s!\s*([/*-])\s*!shift $symbols{ $1 }!ge;