The line at the bottom is hinting at the fact that this is not practical. What you could do instead of get a list of all the files, then use a regex match to find matching files.

use File::Basename qw( fileparse basename );

my $special_chars_re_class =
   "[".( join "", map quotemeta, @special_chars )."]";

my ( $dir_qfn, $corrupt_fn ) = fileparse( $corrupt_qfn );

my $glob = quotemeta( $dir_qfn ) . '*';

my $re = 
   $corrupt_fn =~
      s{
           ( [ ]    )
         | ( [^\w ] )
      }{
         defined( $1 )
         ? $special_chars_re_class
         : "\\$2"
      }xegr;

$re = qr/^\Q$dir_qfn\E$re\z/;

while ( defined( my $qfn = glob( $glob ) ) ) {
   next if $qfn !~ $re;

   say $qfn;
}
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As written, this assumes the spaces are just in the file name.

This could easily be adapted to check for multiple files at once.