You can use the look-behind (?<= to specify that the space is preceded by that many characters:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;

my $string = "hello my * name is Rob * and * I am a very nice person *
+ at least * I think * so";

my $part1 = "hello my * name is Rob * and *";
my $part2 = "I am a very nice person * at least * I think * so";

sub split_before {
    my ($string, $pos) = @_;
    my $pos = rindex $string, '*', 30;
    split /(?<=^.{$pos}\*) /, $string, 2
}

use Test2::V0;

is "$part1 $part2", $string;

is [split_before($string, 30)],
    [$part1, $part2];

done_testing();
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BTW,

    (split /(^.{,30}\* )/, $string, 2)[1, 2]
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Update: Read below for a fix, thanks AnomalousMonk. I shouldn't work on two different tasks at the same time.

sub split_before {
    my ($string, $pos) = @_;
    my $pos = rindex $string, '*', 30;
    split /(?<=^.{$pos}\*) /, $string, 2
}
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The quoted code has a problem: the $pos subroutine argument (offset of '*' character of '* ' sequence to be used to split on) is masked by another my $pos definition, and then is not used at all. This is easily fixed. With many (largely imaginary) test cases (update: and there are many corner cases uncovered, but my imagination only stretches so far):

Read more... (5 kB)
Note that for any $pos to the left of the leftmost '*' in the string, no meaningful split is returned.

---

Give a man a fish:  <%-{-{-{-<

TIMTOWT-KISS ;)

Once you have the position with rindex (which is a great idea), why not apply substr instead of a sophisticated regex in split?

Cheers Rolf
_{(addicted to the Perl Programming Language :)
Wikisyntax for the Monastery}

I wanted to use "some backwards regex" ;-)
map{substr$_->[0],$_->[1]||0,1}[\*||{},3],[[]],[ref qr-1,-,-1],[{}],[sub{}^*ARGV,3]

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict; # https://perlmonks.org/?node_id=11136666
use warnings;

my $string = "hello my * name is Rob * and * I am a very nice person *
+ at least * I think * so";

my $x = 30; # or one less, not sure of the exact requirements
my ($part1, $part2) = $string =~ /^(.{0,$x}\*)\s*(.*)/;

print "$_\n" for $part1, $part2;
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Outputs:

hello my * name is Rob * and *
I am a very nice person * at least * I think * so
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  DB<34> $string = "hello my * name is Rob * and * I am a very nice pe
+rson * at least * I think * so"

  DB<35> p $pos = rindex $string, ' * ', 30
28
  DB<36> p $left = substr $string, 0, $pos+3, ""
hello my * name is Rob * and *
  DB<37> p $string
I am a very nice person * at least * I think * so
  DB<38> p "<$left>"
<hello my * name is Rob * and * >
  DB<39>
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please note the trailing whitespace in $left

$ perl -le'$string = "hello my * name is Rob * and * I am a very nice 
+person * at least * I think * so"; print $string; ( $left, $right ) =
+ $string =~ / ^ ( .{1,30} \* ) \s* ( .+ ) /x; print for $left, $right
+'
hello my * name is Rob * and * I am a very nice person * at least * I 
+think * so
hello my * name is Rob * and *
I am a very nice person * at least * I think * so
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Caveat: any regex solution that uses look-behind will not work if the width of the look-behind is more than 255 characters -- at least not for Perls 5.34.0 and earlier.