I guess you're right, that regex isn't any more readable than the alternatives you propose. In fact, I've rewritten it to:

if (/^([01]):([01]):([^:]+):([^:]+)$/) {
    my ($type, $valid, $name, $coment) = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
    
    ...
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I maintained the regex as I'm fairly sure I'll need to improve it later for more checks on the input.