Sounds like a job for Data::DPath:

#!/usr/bin/env perl 
use strict;
use warnings;
use JSON::MaybeXS;
use Data::DPath 'dpath';
use Data::Dumper;

my $json = <<EOT;
{
  "infra": {
    "config": {
      "rack": [
        {
          "componentId": "xxx-001",
          "model": "xxx",
          "server": [
            {
              "componentId": "server-001",
              "type": "xxxx",
              "model": "xxxx",
              "role": "Management",
              "specificAttributes": ""
            }
          ]
        }]
    },
    "platform": {
      "config": {
        "mgmtser": [{
          "componentId": "sr-001",
          "domainName": "xxxxx",
          "thinDiskMode": true,
          "deployment": "small"
            }
         ]}
     }
  }
}
EOT

my $data = decode_json ($json);
my @res = dpath ('//*[ key eq "componentId"]/..')->match ($data);
print Dumper (\@res);
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