G'day ferbio,

Welcome to the Monastery.

The most likely cause is your shebang line: '#!/usr/bin/perl'. On one computer, perl is installed in /usr/bin/; on another computer, it's installed elsewhere.

You need to tell us which OSes you're using and show all output. It seems odd that you get no output at all: perhaps no "Hello, World...", but were there any other messages. Here's what I get when I try to run perl from both an existing and non-existing location:

$ /usr/bin/perl -e 'print "Hello, world!\n"'
Hello, world!

$ /usr/not_bin/perl -e 'print "Hello, world!\n"'
-bash: /usr/not_bin/perl: No such file or directory
[download]

Putting your posted code — but using an invalid path to perl in the shebang line — into a script and running:

$ cat crap.pl
#!/usr/not_bin/perl

use strict;
use warnings;

print "Hello, World...\n";

$ ./crap.pl
-bash: ./crap.pl: /usr/not_bin/perl: bad interpreter: No such file or 
+directory
[download]

Take a look at perlintro for a gentle introduction of this concept; perlrun has a more detailed discussion.