Arduino IDE accepts only this C/C++ subset
Not true actually, although at times it seems the IDE tries to hide the fact that the tool chain is full on gcc. I use C++ including templates (although I've not used exceptions or RTTI) on Arduino Nanos and related 8 bit machines with 32 kBytes of code space and a couple of kBytes of RAM.
I find the Setup() / Loop() structure of sketches a real PITA a lot of times because it forces the use of global variables when they should really not be needed. However full points to Arduino for using a real language for a simple cheap teaching machine.
Optimising for fewest key strokes only makes sense transmitting to Pluto or beyond
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