my $formget = qr(10-[KQ][A-Z0-9]*(?!/))i;
while (my $form_type = <DATA>) {
        if ($form_type =~ /^$formget/ ) {
                print "Valid: $form_type";
        } else {
                print "Invalid: $form_type";
        }
}

__DATA__
10-K
10-KSB
10-K405
10-ksb405
10-Q
10-K/A
10-Q/A