Ok...I've read up on the relevant postings here and elsewhere, and thought I got a handle on getting a locked, shared, thread to work. I know about the auto vivification trickery. But, I guess not...

It fails on the :unless (exists $$dataref{$sid}{"ALL"}){ line.

Here's what I have, so far...the relevant bits:

use strict;
use warnings;

use threads;
use Thread::Queue qw();
use threads::shared;
use DBIx::Connector;
use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::Utility;
use Date::Simple qw(:all);
use Date::Range;
use Data::DumpXML qw(dump_xml);
use HomeSharing qw(:all);
use List::MoreUtils qw/ uniq /;


sub setup_data($$%)
{
    my $conn;
    my $currentyear;
    my $dataref :shared;
    my %data :shared;
    
    ( $conn, $currentyear, %data ) = @_;
    
    #my %data = %{$dataref};
    
    my @CountiesList;
    @CountiesList = get_countiesList_multi($conn);
    push( @CountiesList, "OOC" );

    my $loop;
    my $monthloop;

    #my $now=Date::Simple->new();
    #my $currentyear0 = $now->year;
    my $id;

    for ( $loop = 1984 ; $loop <= $currentyear+1 ; $loop++ )
    {

        #print "\nYear:$loop\t";
        for ( $monthloop = 1 ; $monthloop <= 12 ; $monthloop++ )
        {
            $id = $loop . "-" . $monthloop;

            unless (exists ($data{$id})){
                my %a :shared;
                $data{$id}=\%a;
            }
            #print "\tMonth:$monthloop\n";
            $data{$id}{"Hours"}                  = 0;
            $data{$id}{"InitialSeekers"}         = 0;
            $data{$id}{"InitialProviders"}       = 0;
            $data{$id}{"SharedLivingInterviews"} = 0;
            $data{$id}{"SeekerInterviews"}       = 0;
            $data{$id}{"ProviderInterviews"}     = 0;

            foreach my $county (@CountiesList)
            {

                #my $id = $loop."-".$monthloop;
                #print "\t\t\t$county";
                
                unless (exists ($data{$id})){
                    my %a :shared;
                    $data{$id}=\%a;
                    
                }
                unless (exists $data{$id}{$county}){
                    my %a :shared;
                    $data{$id}{$county}=\%a;
                }
                
                $data{$id}{$county}{"MatchesStarted"}       = 0;
                $data{$id}{$county}{"MatchesEnded"}         = 0;
                $data{$id}{$county}{"MatchesTotal"}         = 0;
                $data{$id}{$county}{"ClientsStarted"}       = 0;
                $data{$id}{$county}{"ClientsEnded"}         = 0;
                $data{$id}{$county}{"HouseholdsProviders"}  = 0;
                $data{$id}{$county}{"HouseholdsSeekers"}    = 0;
                $data{$id}{$county}{"Households"}           = 0;
                $data{$id}{$county}{"ClientsTotal"}         = 0;
                $data{$id}{$county}{"MatchesPeopleStarted"} = 0;
                $data{$id}{$county}{"MatchesPeopleEnded"}   = 0;
                $data{$id}{$county}{"MatchesPeopleTotal"}   = 0;
            } ## end foreach my $county (@CountiesList...)

        } ## end for ( $monthloop = 1 ; ...)
    } ## end for ( $loop = 1984 ; $loop...)

    return %data;
} ## end sub setup_data($$%)


sub do_matches($$$$){

    my $conn;
    my $maxFN;
    my $currentyear;
    my $dataref :shared;

     ( $conn, $maxFN, $currentyear, $dataref ) = @_;
    my $lastyear = $currentyear - 1;

    my $q              = Thread::Queue->new();
    my $num_workers    = 25;
    my $num_work_units = $maxFN;

#        my %data = $$dataref;


# Create workers
my @workers;
for (1..$num_workers) {
   push @workers, async {
      while (defined(my $unit = $q->dequeue())) {
         print("$unit\n");
    

        my $stm2 =
          $conn->dbh->prepare( "SELECT FILENO,P_MUNCIPAL,MUNCIPALIT,"
              . " STATE,ZIP,DATE_MATCH,DATE_ENDED, TOTAL_NUM"
              . " FROM MATCH WHERE (FILENO=?)" );

        $stm2->execute($unit);
        $stm2->bind_columns( \my ( $fn, $where, $where2, $state, $zip,
+ $datem, $datee, $tn ) );
        while ( $stm2->fetch )
        {
            print "\tDoing $fn...\n\n";
            
            lock($dataref);
            my $whichco  = "";
            my $whichco2 = "";

            $whichco = get_county_multi( $conn, $where, $state, $zip, 
+1, $where2 );

            $tn += 0;
            print "For File:$fn\nWhere = $where / $where2\n";
            print "\tMatched = $datem \t Ended=$datee\n";
            print "\tCounty = $whichco\tPeople = $tn\n\n";

            print F "For File:$fn\nWhere = $where / $where2\n";
            print F "\tMatched = $datem \t Ended=$datee\n";
            print F "\tCounty = $whichco\tPeople = $tn \n\n";

            my $startd = HomeSharing::convert_date( $datem, ymd( 1983,
+             12, 31 ) );
            my $endd   = HomeSharing::convert_date( $datee, ymd( $curr
+entyear + 1, 12, 31 ) );

            print "Start = $startd\tEnd = $endd\n";

            my $sid = $startd->year . "-" . $startd->month;
            my $eid = $endd->year . "-" . $endd->month;

            print "SID:$sid\tEID:$eid\n";
            print F "SID:$sid\tEID:$eid\n";


                
                unless (exists ($$dataref{$sid})){
                    my %a :shared;
                    $$dataref{$sid}=\%a;
                }
            
                            
                unless (exists ($$dataref{$eid})){
                    my %a :shared;
                    $$dataref{$eid}=\%a;
                            
            }
                            
                unless (exists $$dataref{$sid}{"ALL"}){
                    my %a :shared;
                    $$dataref{$sid}{$whichco}=\%a;
                }
            
                unless (exists $$dataref{$eid}{"ALL"}){
                    my %a :shared;
                    $$dataref{$eid}{$whichco}=\%a;
                }
                
                unless (exists $$dataref{$sid}{$whichco}){
                    my %a :shared;
                    $$dataref{$sid}{$whichco}=\%a;
                }
            
                unless (exists $$dataref{$eid}{$whichco}){
                    my %a :shared;
                    $$dataref{$eid}{$whichco}=\%a;
                }
                
                unless (exists $$dataref{$sid}{"ALL"}{"MatchesStarted"
+}){
                    my %a :shared;
                    $$dataref{$sid}{"ALL"}{"MatchesStarted"}=\%a;
            
                }

                
                unless (exists $$dataref{$sid}{"ALL"}{"MatchesPeopleSt
+arted"}){
                    my %a :shared;
                    $$dataref{$sid}{"ALL"}{"MatchesStarted"}=\%a;
            
                }
                
                unless (exists $$dataref{$sid}{$whichco}{"MatchesStart
+ed"}){
                    my %a :shared;
                    $$dataref{$sid}{$whichco}{"MatchesStarted"}=\%a;
            
                }

            
                unless (exists $$dataref{$sid}{$whichco}{"MatchesPeopl
+eStarted"}){
                    my %a :shared;
                    $$dataref{$sid}{$whichco}{"MatchesPeopleStarted"}=
+\%a;
            
                }

                
                
                
                unless (exists $$dataref{$eid}{"ALL"}{"MatchesEnded"})
+{
                    my %a :shared;
                    $$dataref{$sid}{"ALL"}{"MatchesEnded"}=\%a;
            
                }

                
                unless (exists $$dataref{$eid}{"ALL"}{"MatchesPeopleEn
+ded"}){
                    my %a :shared;
                    $$dataref{$sid}{"ALL"}{"MatchesEnded"}=\%a;
            
                }
                
                unless (exists $$dataref{$eid}{$whichco}{"MatchesEnded
+"}){
                    my %a :shared;
                    $$dataref{$sid}{$whichco}{"MatchesEnded"}=\%a;
            
                }

            
                unless (exists $$dataref{$eid}{$whichco}{"MatchesPeopl
+eEnded"}){
                    my %a :shared;
                    $$dataref{$sid}{$whichco}{"MatchesPeopleEnded"}=\%
+a;
            
                }
                
                
            
            $$dataref{$sid}{"ALL"}{"MatchesStarted"}++;
            $$dataref{$sid}{"ALL"}{"MatchesPeopleStarted"} += $tn;

            $$dataref{$sid}{$whichco}{"MatchesPeopleStarted"} += $tn;
            $$dataref{$sid}{$whichco}{"MatchesStarted"}++;

            
            $$dataref{$eid}{"ALL"}{"MatchesEnded"}++;
            $$dataref{$eid}{"ALL"}{"MatchesPeopleEnded"} += $tn;

            $$dataref{$eid}{$whichco}{"MatchesPeopleEnded"} += $tn;
            $$dataref{$eid}{$whichco}{"MatchesEnded"}++;

            
            print F "\n=============\nData:\n";

            print F "For $sid Matches Started Data[All] = " . $$datare
+f{$sid}{"ALL"}{"MatchesStarted"} . "\n";
            print F "For $sid Matches Started Data[$whichco] = " . $$d
+ataref{$sid}{$whichco}{"MatchesStarted"} . "\n";
            print F "For $eid Matches Ended Data[All] = " . $$dataref{
+$eid}{"ALL"}{"MatchesEnded"} . "\n";
            print F "For $eid Matches Ended Data[$whichco] = " . $$dat
+aref{$eid}{$whichco}{"MatchesEnded"} . "\n";

            #print F "DataCheck::Hours: " . $$dataref{$sid}{"Hours"} .
+ "\n";

            print F "================\n\n";

        } ## end while ( $stm2->fetch )
      }
   };
}

# Create work
for (1..$num_work_units) {
   $q->enqueue($_);
}

# Tell workers they are no longer needed.
$q->enqueue(undef) for @workers;

# Wait for workers to end
$_->join() for @workers;


#    return %data;
} ## end sub do_matches($$$%)

#-------------------------#
#         Main            #
#-------------------------#

if ( -e "StatsAuto.xls" )
{
    unlink "StatsAuto.xls";
    print "Excel File Deleted\n";
} ## end if ( -e "StatsAuto.xls"...)

open( F, ">StatsDebug.txt" )  || die "Debug 1 failed";
open( G, ">StatsDebug2.txt" ) || die "Debug 2 failed";

my $workbook;     #Excel Workbook
my $worksheet;    #Excel Worksheet

my $conn_hs;      #HomeSharing Database
my $conn_stats;   #Stats Database

my $now          = Date::Simple->new();
my $currentyear  = $now->year;
my $lastyear     = $currentyear - 1;
my $currentmonth = $now->month;

my $Fudge = 0;
if ( $Fudge == 1 )
{
    $currentyear  = 2012;
    $lastyear     = 2011;
    $currentmonth = 12;
} ## end if ( $Fudge == 1 )

my %data :shared;
my $MaxFN;
my $MaxPS;
my $today2;

my $id;
my $county;
my $subkey1;
my $subkey2;

my ( %ranges, %monthlyranges ) = setup_ranges($currentyear);
( $workbook, $worksheet )  = setup_excel();
( $conn_hs,  $conn_stats ) = setup_databases();
my @CountiesList = get_countiesList_multi($conn_hs);
( %ranges, %monthlyranges ) = setup_ranges($currentyear);


%data = setup_data( $conn_hs, $currentyear, %data );

print G "\nAfter Setup\n----------------------\n";
print_data($conn_hs,%data);

do_hours( $conn_stats, $currentyear, \%data );

print G "\nAfter Hours\n----------------------\n";
print_data($conn_hs,%data);

$MaxFN = get_MaxFN_multi($conn_hs) + 0;
$MaxPS = get_MaxPS_multi($conn_hs) + 0;
print "MaxFN = $MaxFN\tMaxPS = $MaxPS\n\n";

#( $today2, my %data2 ) = do_NOS( $conn_hs, $MaxFN, $currentyear, $cur
+rentmonth, \%ranges, \%data );

do_matches( $conn_hs, $MaxFN, $currentyear, \%data );
print "\n\n";

print G "After Matches\n-------------------------------------------\n"
+;
print_data( $conn_hs, %data );

#do_clients( $conn_hs, $MaxPS, $currentyear, \%data );

#print G "After Clients\n-------------------------------------------\n
+";
#print_data( $conn_hs, %data );

#do_calculate_data( $conn_hs, $currentyear, \%data );

#print G "After Calculate\n-------------------------------------------
+\n";
#print_data( $conn_hs, \%data );

print "Excellizing...\n";
excelize_data( $conn_hs, $currentyear, $today2, $workbook, $worksheet,
+ %data );

#$a = dump_xml(%data);
#print G "$a\n";

print "Done\n";

close(F);
close(G);
[download]

Which begs the 'obvious' question of what's going wrong and how to fix it. I would like to be able to multithread it.

It works fine as an unthreaded program -- just, when you're dealing with 1500 match entries and 14,200 client entries -- it just takes a long time to process.