What you're describing sounds like network monitoring software. Three free and open source example is Nagios, Zabbix, and Zenoss. All of these have available Windows programs and/or services that capture the information about CPU, disk, and memory. Then you can run the monitoring agent to collect this informaiton on Linux. The tools, services, and programs are available in all of these (and many more listed in the Wikipedia article). Choose one and go with it.

Update

You could also use SNMP on the Windows Server and collect the information using Net::SNMP in Perl on your Linux machine