Also, if you're not a COM/Windows guy, you probably shouldn't be responding to a COM question. Using a very common term such as "dual interface" is perfectly acceptable, because anyone whose used COM before knows what it means.

That sounds reasonable; I agree. I'll refrain from answering those questions in the future (unless I'll have to do more with COM/Windows by any odd chance ;-)

Apologies to the OP.

--shmem

_($_=" "x(1<<5)."?\n".q·/)Oo.  G°\        /
                              /\_¯/(q    /
----------------------------  \__(m.====·.(_("always off the crowd"))."·
");sub _{s./.($e="'Itrs `mnsgdq Gdbj O`qkdq")=~y/"-y/#-z/;$e.e && print}