This is an infinite loop

It's an infinite loop, but not for the reasons you state. SUPER:: is always relative to __PACKAGE__, and when you start saying sub Foo::bar, the __PACKAGE__ doesn't change to Foo, so you have a problem with SUPER.

In short, Don't Do That. Properly written code works properly:

package Base;
sub do_me {
  my $self = shift;
  print "Base do_me\n";
}
package Derived;
@ISA = qw(Base);
sub do_me {
  my ($self) = @_; # no shift, so we can goto
  print "About to jump...\n";
  goto &{$self->can("SUPER::do_me")};
}
package main;
Derived->do_me;
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