http://qs321.pair.com?node_id=1197302


in reply to Re^2: High Performance Game of Life
in thread High Performance Game of Life

Hi eyepopslikeamosquito,

On my laptop, the following shaves 4 seconds from one-time stringification per key.

# Return the list of dead cells surrounding a cell sub get_dead_cells { my ( $cells, $x0, $y0 ) = ( shift->{Cells}, @_ ); my ( $x1, $x2, $y1, $y2 ) = ( $x0 - 1, $x0 + 1, $y0 - 1, $y0 + 1 ); my ( $k1, $k2, $k3, $k4, $k5, $k6, $k7, $k8 ); ( ( $k1 = "$x1:$y1" ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k1 } ), ( $k2 = "$x1:$y0" ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k2 } ), ( $k3 = "$x1:$y2" ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k3 } ), ( $k4 = "$x0:$y1" ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k4 } ), ( $k5 = "$x0:$y2" ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k5 } ), ( $k6 = "$x2:$y1" ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k6 } ), ( $k7 = "$x2:$y0" ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k7 } ), ( $k8 = "$x2:$y2" ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k8 } ) ); }

To not allocate the key variables each time, another 2 seconds reduction is possible with the state feature.

use feature 'state'; # Return the list of dead cells surrounding a cell sub get_dead_cells { my ( $cells, $x0, $y0 ) = ( shift->{Cells}, @_ ); my ( $x1, $x2, $y1, $y2 ) = ( $x0 - 1, $x0 + 1, $y0 - 1, $y0 + 1 ); state ( $k1, $k2, $k3, $k4, $k5, $k6, $k7, $k8 ); ( ( $k1 = "$x1:$y1" ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k1 } ), ( $k2 = "$x1:$y0" ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k2 } ), ( $k3 = "$x1:$y2" ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k3 } ), ( $k4 = "$x0:$y1" ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k4 } ), ( $k5 = "$x0:$y2" ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k5 } ), ( $k6 = "$x2:$y1" ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k6 } ), ( $k7 = "$x2:$y0" ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k7 } ), ( $k8 = "$x2:$y2" ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k8 } ) ); }

Regards, Mario

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Re^4: High Performance Game of Life
by marioroy (Prior) on Aug 12, 2017 at 17:38 UTC

    Hi eyepopslikeamosquito,

    Here is Organism.pm modified to use pack/unpack, plus slight optimization applied to insert_cells.

    package Organism; use strict; use warnings; use feature 'state'; sub count { return scalar keys %{ shift->{Cells} }; } # Input a list of [ x, y ] coords sub insert_cells { my $cells = shift->{Cells}; for my $r (@_) { $cells->{ pack 'ii', @{$r} } = undef } } # Return sorted list of cells in the Organism. # Used for verification and testing the state of the organism. sub get_live_cells { sort { $a->[0] <=> $b->[0] || $a->[1] <=> $b->[1] } map { [ unpack 'ii', $_ ] } keys %{ shift->{Cells} }; } # Return the list of dead cells surrounding a cell sub get_dead_cells { my ( $cells, $x0, $y0 ) = ( shift->{Cells}, @_ ); my ( $x1, $x2, $y1, $y2 ) = ( $x0 - 1, $x0 + 1, $y0 - 1, $y0 + 1 ); state ( $k1, $k2, $k3, $k4, $k5, $k6, $k7, $k8 ); ( ( $k1 = pack 'ii', $x1, $y1 ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k1 } ), ( $k2 = pack 'ii', $x1, $y0 ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k2 } ), ( $k3 = pack 'ii', $x1, $y2 ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k3 } ), ( $k4 = pack 'ii', $x0, $y1 ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k4 } ), ( $k5 = pack 'ii', $x0, $y2 ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k5 } ), ( $k6 = pack 'ii', $x2, $y1 ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k6 } ), ( $k7 = pack 'ii', $x2, $y0 ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k7 } ), ( $k8 = pack 'ii', $x2, $y2 ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k8 } ) ) +; } sub get_num_live { my ( $cells, $x0, $y0 ) = ( shift->{Cells}, @_ ); my ( $x1, $x2, $y1, $y2 ) = ( $x0 - 1, $x0 + 1, $y0 - 1, $y0 + 1 ); ( 0 + exists $cells->{ pack 'ii', $x1, $y1 } ) + ( 0 + exists $cells->{ pack 'ii', $x1, $y0 } ) + ( 0 + exists $cells->{ pack 'ii', $x1, $y2 } ) + ( 0 + exists $cells->{ pack 'ii', $x0, $y1 } ) + ( 0 + exists $cells->{ pack 'ii', $x0, $y2 } ) + ( 0 + exists $cells->{ pack 'ii', $x2, $y1 } ) + ( 0 + exists $cells->{ pack 'ii', $x2, $y0 } ) + ( 0 + exists $cells->{ pack 'ii', $x2, $y2 } ); } sub tick { my $self = shift; my %new_cells; for my $c (keys %{ $self->{Cells} }) { # Get the (up to 8) dead cells surrounding the cell my @zcells = $self->get_dead_cells( unpack 'ii', $c ); # Check the live cell # Note: next line equivalent to nlive == 2 || nlive == 3 @zcells == 5 || @zcells == 6 and $new_cells{$c} = undef; # Check the dead cells for my $z (@zcells) { $self->get_num_live( unpack 'ii', $z ) == 3 and $new_cells{$z +} = undef; } } $self->{Cells} = \%new_cells; } sub new { my $class = shift; my %init_self = ( Cells => {} ); bless \%init_self, $class; } 1;

    Regards, Mario

      Update: pack 'i2' is more efficient than pack 'ii'

      Organism.pm optimized with pack/unpack 'i2' and inlining critical paths.

      package Organism; use strict; use warnings; use feature 'state'; sub count { return scalar keys %{ shift->{Cells} }; } # Input a list of [ x, y ] coords sub insert_cells { my $cells = shift->{Cells}; for my $r (@_) { $cells->{ pack 'i2', @{$r} } = undef } } # Return sorted list of cells in the Organism. # Used for verification and testing the state of the organism. sub get_live_cells { sort { $a->[0] <=> $b->[0] || $a->[1] <=> $b->[1] } map { [ unpack 'i2', $_ ] } keys %{ shift->{Cells} }; } # Return the list of dead cells surrounding a cell sub get_dead_cells { my ( $cells, $x0, $y0 ) = ( shift->{Cells}, @_ ); my ( $x1, $x2, $y1, $y2 ) = ( $x0 - 1, $x0 + 1, $y0 - 1, $y0 + 1 ); state ( $k1, $k2, $k3, $k4, $k5, $k6, $k7, $k8 ); ( ( $k1 = pack 'i2', $x1, $y1 ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k1 } ), ( $k2 = pack 'i2', $x1, $y0 ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k2 } ), ( $k3 = pack 'i2', $x1, $y2 ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k3 } ), ( $k4 = pack 'i2', $x0, $y1 ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k4 } ), ( $k5 = pack 'i2', $x0, $y2 ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k5 } ), ( $k6 = pack 'i2', $x2, $y1 ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k6 } ), ( $k7 = pack 'i2', $x2, $y0 ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k7 } ), ( $k8 = pack 'i2', $x2, $y2 ) x !( 0 + exists $cells->{ $k8 } ) ) +; } sub tick { my $self = shift; my $cells = $self->{Cells}; my %new_cells; for my $c (keys %{ $cells }) { # Get the (up to 8) dead cells surrounding the cell my @zcells = $self->get_dead_cells( unpack 'i2', $c ); # Check the live cell # Note: next line equivalent to nlive == 2 || nlive == 3 @zcells == 5 || @zcells == 6 and $new_cells{$c} = undef; # Check the dead cells for my $z (@zcells) { state ( $x0, $x1, $x2, $y0, $y1, $y2 ); ( $x0, $y0 ) = unpack 'i2', $z; ( $x1, $x2, $y1, $y2 ) = ( $x0 - 1, $x0 + 1, $y0 - 1, $y0 + 1 + ); # Get num live ( ( 0 + exists $cells->{ pack 'i2', $x1, $y1 } ) + ( 0 + exists $cells->{ pack 'i2', $x1, $y0 } ) + ( 0 + exists $cells->{ pack 'i2', $x1, $y2 } ) + ( 0 + exists $cells->{ pack 'i2', $x0, $y1 } ) + ( 0 + exists $cells->{ pack 'i2', $x0, $y2 } ) + ( 0 + exists $cells->{ pack 'i2', $x2, $y1 } ) + ( 0 + exists $cells->{ pack 'i2', $x2, $y0 } ) + ( 0 + exists $cells->{ pack 'i2', $x2, $y2 } ) ) == 3 and $new_cells{$z} = undef; } } $self->{Cells} = \%new_cells; } sub new { my $class = shift; my %init_self = ( Cells => {} ); bless \%init_self, $class; } 1;

      Regards, Mario

        Thanks Mario! Shaved a couple more seconds:

        • Inlined get_dead_cells()
        • Got rid of state (didn't seem to make it any faster)
        • Switched off warnings (admittedly this didn't make much, if any, difference)
        • Some other minor tweaks
        See "Mario improvements" entries in "Benchmark Results" section of root node for speed comparison with original Organism.pm.

        Note: The code below is the fastest version of the Perl GOL code in this node.

        package Organism; use strict; sub count { scalar keys %{ shift->{Cells} } } # Input a list of [ x, y ] coords sub insert_cells { my $cells = shift->{Cells}; for my $r (@_) { $cells->{ pack 'i2', @{$r} } = undef } } # Return sorted list of cells in the Organism. # Used for verification and testing the state of the organism. sub get_live_cells { sort { $a->[0] <=> $b->[0] || $a->[1] <=> $b->[1] } map { [ unpack 'i2', $_ ] } keys %{ shift->{Cells} }; } sub tick { my $self = shift; my $cells = $self->{Cells}; my ( $k1, $k2, $k3, $k4, $k5, $k6, $k7, $k8, $x0, $x1, $x2, $y0, $y1, $y2, %newcells ); for my $c (keys %{ $cells }) { # Get the (up to 8) dead cells surrounding the cell ( $x0, $y0 ) = unpack 'i2', $c; ( $x1, $x2, $y1, $y2 ) = ( $x0 - 1, $x0 + 1, $y0 - 1, $y0 + 1 ); my @zcells = ( ($k1 = pack 'i2', $x1, $y1) x !exists($cells->{$k1}), ($k2 = pack 'i2', $x1, $y0) x !exists($cells->{$k2}), ($k3 = pack 'i2', $x1, $y2) x !exists($cells->{$k3}), ($k4 = pack 'i2', $x0, $y1) x !exists($cells->{$k4}), ($k5 = pack 'i2', $x0, $y2) x !exists($cells->{$k5}), ($k6 = pack 'i2', $x2, $y1) x !exists($cells->{$k6}), ($k7 = pack 'i2', $x2, $y0) x !exists($cells->{$k7}), ($k8 = pack 'i2', $x2, $y2) x !exists($cells->{$k8}) ); # Check the live cell (next line equivalent to nlive==2 || nlive +==3) @zcells == 5 || @zcells == 6 and $newcells{$c} = undef; # Check the dead cells for my $z (@zcells) { ( $x0, $y0 ) = unpack 'i2', $z; ( $x1, $x2, $y1, $y2 ) = ( $x0 - 1, $x0 + 1, $y0 - 1, $y0 + 1 + ); exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x1, $y1}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x1, $y0}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x1, $y2}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x0, $y1}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x0, $y2}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x2, $y1}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x2, $y0}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x2, $y2}) == 3 and $newcells{$z +} = undef; } } $self->{Cells} = \%newcells; } sub new { my $class = shift; my %init_self = ( Cells => {} ); bless \%init_self, $class; } 1;

        Update: Minor stylistic edits were made to Organism.pm above.

        Note that changing the main loop above from:

        for my $c (keys %{ $cells }) {
        to:
        while ( my ($c) = each %{ $cells } ) {
        uses less memory - though I couldn't measure any difference in speed.

        Update: This one is shorter, but a bit slower:

        sub tick { my $self = shift; my $cells = $self->{Cells}; my ( $k1, $k2, $k3, $k4, $k5, $k6, $k7, $k8, $x0, $x1, $x2, $y0, $y1, $y2 ); %{$cells} = map { ( $x0, $y0 ) = unpack 'i2', $_; ( $x1, $x2, $y1, $y2 ) = ( $x0 - 1, $x0 + 1, $y0 - 1, $y0 + 1 ); my @zcells = ( ($k1 = pack 'i2', $x1, $y1) x !exists($cells->{$k1}), ($k2 = pack 'i2', $x1, $y0) x !exists($cells->{$k2}), ($k3 = pack 'i2', $x1, $y2) x !exists($cells->{$k3}), ($k4 = pack 'i2', $x0, $y1) x !exists($cells->{$k4}), ($k5 = pack 'i2', $x0, $y2) x !exists($cells->{$k5}), ($k6 = pack 'i2', $x2, $y1) x !exists($cells->{$k6}), ($k7 = pack 'i2', $x2, $y0) x !exists($cells->{$k7}), ($k8 = pack 'i2', $x2, $y2) x !exists($cells->{$k8}) ); ($_, undef) x (@zcells == 5 || @zcells == 6), map { ( $x0, $y0 ) = unpack 'i2', $_; ( $x1, $x2, $y1, $y2 ) = ( $x0 - 1, $x0 + 1, $y0 - 1, $y0 + +1 ); ($_, undef) x ( exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x1, $y1}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x1, $y0}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x1, $y2}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x0, $y1}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x0, $y2}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x2, $y1}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x2, $y0}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x2, $y2}) == 3 ) } @zcells } keys %{$cells}; }
        as is this one:
        sub tick { my $self = shift; my $cells = $self->{Cells}; my ( $k1, $k2, $k3, $k4, $k5, $k6, $k7, $k8, $x0, $x1, $x2, $y0, $y1, $y2 ); my %newcells; @newcells{map { ( $x0, $y0 ) = unpack 'i2', $_; ( $x1, $x2, $y1, $y2 ) = ( $x0 - 1, $x0 + 1, $y0 - 1, $y0 + 1 ); my @zcells = ( ($k1 = pack 'i2', $x1, $y1) x !exists($cells->{$k1}), ($k2 = pack 'i2', $x1, $y0) x !exists($cells->{$k2}), ($k3 = pack 'i2', $x1, $y2) x !exists($cells->{$k3}), ($k4 = pack 'i2', $x0, $y1) x !exists($cells->{$k4}), ($k5 = pack 'i2', $x0, $y2) x !exists($cells->{$k5}), ($k6 = pack 'i2', $x2, $y1) x !exists($cells->{$k6}), ($k7 = pack 'i2', $x2, $y0) x !exists($cells->{$k7}), ($k8 = pack 'i2', $x2, $y2) x !exists($cells->{$k8}) ); ($_) x (@zcells == 5 || @zcells == 6), map { ( $x0, $y0 ) = unpack 'i2', $_; ( $x1, $x2, $y1, $y2 ) = ( $x0 - 1, $x0 + 1, $y0 - 1, $y0 + +1 ); ($_) x ( exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x1, $y1}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x1, $y0}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x1, $y2}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x0, $y1}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x0, $y2}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x2, $y1}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x2, $y0}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x2, $y2}) == 3 ) } @zcells } keys %{$cells} } = undef; $self->{Cells} = \%newcells; }
        I'm guessing they are slower because the list of cells used in the hash slice contains many duplicate dead cells.

        Update: Changing:

        my @zcells = ( ($k1 = pack 'i2', $x1, $y1) x !exists($cells->{$k1}), ($k2 = pack 'i2', $x1, $y0) x !exists($cells->{$k2}), ($k3 = pack 'i2', $x1, $y2) x !exists($cells->{$k3}), ($k4 = pack 'i2', $x0, $y1) x !exists($cells->{$k4}), ($k5 = pack 'i2', $x0, $y2) x !exists($cells->{$k5}), ($k6 = pack 'i2', $x2, $y1) x !exists($cells->{$k6}), ($k7 = pack 'i2', $x2, $y0) x !exists($cells->{$k7}), ($k8 = pack 'i2', $x2, $y2) x !exists($cells->{$k8}) );
        to:
        my @zcells = grep( !exists($cells->{$_}), pack('i2', $x1, $y1), pack('i2', $x1, $y0), pack('i2', $x1, $y2), pack('i2', $x0, $y1), pack('i2', $x0, $y2), pack('i2', $x2, $y1), pack('i2', $x2, $y0), pack('i2', $x2, $y2) );
        was slightly slower.

        This one was also slower:

        sub tick { my $self = shift; my $cells = $self->{Cells}; my ( $k1, $k2, $k3, $k4, $k5, $k6, $k7, $k8, $x0, $x1, $x2, $y0, $y1, $y2, $z, %newcells ); for my $c (keys %{ $cells }) { # Get the (up to 8) dead cells surrounding the cell ( $x0, $y0 ) = unpack 'i2', $c; ( $x1, $x2, $y1, $y2 ) = ( $x0 - 1, $x0 + 1, $y0 - 1, $y0 + 1 ); my @zcells = ( ($x1, $y1, $k1 = pack 'i2', $x1, $y1) x !exists($cells->{$k1} +), ($x1, $y0, $k2 = pack 'i2', $x1, $y0) x !exists($cells->{$k2} +), ($x1, $y2, $k3 = pack 'i2', $x1, $y2) x !exists($cells->{$k3} +), ($x0, $y1, $k4 = pack 'i2', $x0, $y1) x !exists($cells->{$k4} +), ($x0, $y2, $k5 = pack 'i2', $x0, $y2) x !exists($cells->{$k5} +), ($x2, $y1, $k6 = pack 'i2', $x2, $y1) x !exists($cells->{$k6} +), ($x2, $y0, $k7 = pack 'i2', $x2, $y0) x !exists($cells->{$k7} +), ($x2, $y2, $k8 = pack 'i2', $x2, $y2) x !exists($cells->{$k8} +) ); # Check the live cell (next line equivalent to nlive==2 || nlive +==3) @zcells == 15 || @zcells == 18 and $newcells{$c} = undef; # Check the dead cells while (@zcells) { ( $x0, $y0, $z ) = splice @zcells, 0, 3; ( $x1, $x2, $y1, $y2 ) = ( $x0 - 1, $x0 + 1, $y0 - 1, $y0 + 1 + ); exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x1, $y1}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x1, $y0}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x1, $y2}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x0, $y1}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x0, $y2}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x2, $y1}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x2, $y0}) + exists($cells->{pack 'i2', $x2, $y2}) == 3 and $newcells{$z +} = undef; } } $self->{Cells} = \%newcells; }