Well, specifically for the apostrophe, \b{wb} doesn't seem to take initial ones as part of words. It breaks your sample sentence as follows: {Not} {_} {sure} {_'} {cause} {_} {that's} {_'} {bout} {_} {words} {_} {also} {_} {including}

But I agree with you that there are probably other cases of words (as defined by \b{wb}) that don't start by a character matching \w.

At the end, my conclusion is that the only way to handle the OP problem in a way fully consistent with \w{wb} semantics is to just split using it, and maybe repack non word fragments afterwards:

my $book = "Not sure 'cause that's 'bout words also including ...\n.\n
+_\n\n...";

my @fragments;
my $last_was_symbol;

for (split /\b{wb}/, $book) {
    if (/[\w\n]/) {
        $last_was_symbol = 0;
        push @fragments, $_;
    }
    else {
        if ($last_was_symbol) {
            $fragments[-1] .= $_;
        }
        else {
            push @fragments, $_;
            $last_was_symbol = 1;
        }
    }
}

sub show {
    my $str = shift;
    $str =~ tr/\n/$/;
    $str =~ tr/ /_/;
    print "{$str} ";
}

show $_ for @fragments;
print "\n";
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