my $sets = [ [1,2,3,3,3,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10], [1,1,1,2,6,7], [3,4,5,5,5,5,6,6,6,6,7,8,9], ]; my %hash = map { $_, 1 } @{$sets->[0]}; for(my $i=1; $i{$_}} @{$sets->[$i]}; } return (keys(%hash));