use warnings;
use strict;

use Benchmark qw(cmpthese);

sub prepData1 {
    my @data = ( map { log $_ } 1 .. 100 );
    return @data;
}

sub runPrep1 {
    my @result = prepData1();
}

sub prepData2 {
    my $refData = shift;
    $refData = [ map { log $_ } 1 .. 100 ];
}

sub runPrep2 {
    my @result;
    prepData2( \@result );
}

sub prepData3 {
    my @data = ( map { log $_ } 1 .. 100 );
    return \@data;
}

sub runPrep3 {
    my $result = prepData3();
}

sub prepData4 {
    my $data = [ map { log $_ } 1 .. 100 ];
    return $data;
}

sub runPrep4 {
    my $result = prepData4();
}

cmpthese(
    -5, # Run each function for at least 5 seconds
    {
        array_out      => \&runPrep1,
        array_ref_in   => \&runPrep2,
        array_ref_out1 => \&runPrep3,
        array_ref_out2 => \&runPrep4,
    }
);
__END__
                  Rate     array_out array_ref_out1  array_ref_in array_ref_out2
array_out      11270/s            --           -30%          -43%           -44%
array_ref_out1 16137/s           43%             --          -19%           -20%
array_ref_in   19873/s           76%            23%            --            -1%
array_ref_out2 20101/s           78%            25%            1%             --