$ldqm = encode 'UTF-8', decode 'Windows-1252', encode 'UTF-8', $ldqm; $ldqm => 201C encode 'UTF-8' => E2 80 9C decode 'Windows-1252' => 00E2 20AC 0153 encode 'UTF-8' => C3 A2 E2 82 AC C5 93