my $in;
    my $open_mode = '<:raw';
    if ($filename=~/\.gz$/) {
        $open_mode .= ':gzip';
    }
    $open_mode .= ':utf8';
    open my $in, $open_mode, $filename or die "Can't read $filename: $!\n";

##</code><code>##

    my $in;
    if ($filename=~/\.gz$/) {
        $in = new IO::Uncompress::Gunzip $in, { AutoClose => 1 };
    } else {
        open $in, '<:raw', $filename or die "Can't read $filename: $!\n";
    };
    binmode $in, ':utf8';