use v5.36; no warnings q/experimental/; # no warns about for-list sub range($aref, $start=undef, $end=undef) { if (!defined $start) { $start = 0; if ($end >= 0) { $end = $end - 1; } else { $end = $#$aref + $end; } } elsif (!defined $end) { $end = $#$aref; if ($start < 0) { $start = $#$aref + $start + 1 ; } } else { die "a[i:j] ranges not supported yet"; } print "\@a[$start .. $end] "; return [@$aref[$start .. $end]]; } my @a = qw/a b c d e f g/; my @tests = ( [3, undef, 'defg'], [0, undef, 'abcdefg'], [-3, undef, 'efg'], [undef, 3, 'abc'], [undef, 0, ''], [undef, -3, 'abcd'], ); for my ($i, $j, $answer) (map {@{$_}} @tests) { printf("a[%s:%s] -> ", $i // '', $j // ''); printf("range(a, %s, %s) -> ", $i // 'undef', $j // 'undef'); my $aref = range(\@a, $i, $j); my $join = join '', @$aref; printf("'$join', expecting '$answer'\n"); }